Group+1-GR

Yiannis K

 * Animal || Indochinese tiger ||
 * Country || indochina ||
 * Habitat || jungle ||
 * Food || meat ||
 * Dangers || the hunters ||
 * Any special characteristics || the pattern of stripes ||
 * Other || The Indochinese tiger, also called Corbett's tiger ||

@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yw1pifgTVhI



The Indochinese tiger, also called Corbett's tiger, is found in Cambodia, China, Laos, Burma, Thailand, and Vietnam. These tigers are smaller and darker than Bengal tigers: Males weigh from 150–190) while females are smaller at 110–140 kg). Their preferred habitat is forests in mountainous or hilly regions. According to government estimates of national tiger populations, the subspecies numbers around a total of 350 individuals. All existing populations are at extreme risk from poaching, prey depletion as a result of poaching of primary prey species such as deer and wild pigs, habitat fragmentation and inbreeding. In Vietnam, almost three-quarters of the tigers killed provide stock for Chinese pharmacies.



Skeleton Tigers have muscular bodies with particularly powerful forelimbs and large heads. The pelage coloration varies between shades of orange or brown with white ventralareas and distinctive black stripes. The face has long whiskers, which are especially long in males. The pupils are circular with yellow irises. The small, rounded ears have black markings on the back, surrounding a white spot. These spots, called ocelli, play an important role in intraspecific communication. The pattern of stripes is unique to each animal, these unique markings can be used by researchers to identify individuals (both in the wild and captivity), much in the same way that fingerprints are used to identify humans. It seems likely that the function of stripes is camouflage, serving to help tigers conceal themselves amongst the dappled shadows and long grass of their environment as they stalk their prey. The stripe pattern is also found on the skin of the tiger. If a tiger to be shaved, its distinctive camouflage pattern would be preserved.



@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H7noTzTGa5w

The tiger (Panthera tigris) It is the largest cat species, reaching a total body length of up to 3.3 meters and weigh up to 306 pounds and is the third largest land carnivore (behind only the polar bear and the brown bear). Most recognizable feature is a pattern of dark vertical stripes on reddish-orange fur with lighter underside. Has extremely strong teeth, and the canines are the longest among living felids with a crown height of as much as 74.5 mm Tigers once ranged widely across Asia, Turkey in the west to the east coast of Russia. Over the past 100 years, have lost 93% of their historic range, and have extirpated from southwest and central Asia, from the islands of Java and Bali, and from large areas of Southeast and Eastern Asia. Today, ranging from the Siberian taiga to open grasslands and tropical mangrove swamps. The remaining six tiger subspecies are classified as endangered by the IUCN. The global population in the wild is estimated to be between 3,062 to 3,948 people, from about 100,000 in the early 20th century, with most remaining populations occurring in small pockets that are isolated from each other. The main reasons for the population decline include habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and poaching. The extent of the area occupied by tigers estimated at less than a 41% drop from the area estimated in the mid of 1990.





@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OE6G-soSPs

THE EASTERN TIMBER WOLF


 * Animal || the eastern timber wolf ||
 * Country || the easterns countries ||
 * Habitat || mountain and veldt ||
 * Food || meat ||
 * Dangers || hunters ||
 * Any special characteristics || the sharp tooth ||
 * Other || their fur ||

The eastern wolf, also known as Eastern Canadian wolf or Eastern Canadian red wolf, may be a subspecies of gray wolf, a distinct species of canid or a hybrid species native to the eastern part of North America since the era pleistocene. It seems to be closely related to the red wolf. Some populations may contain instances of hybridization with Coyots, known as coywolves.Many names were proposed, including the eastern wolf, eastern gray wolf, eastern timber wolf, and Algonquin wolf, although eastern wolf has appeared to gain the most recognition.



Eastern wolf was recently recognized as a potentially distinct species, but closely related to red wolf. Some authors disagree and the status as a distinct species is not official. Now, many international and government organizations carry out scientific research for their taxonomy and genetics to answer this question, as well as their ecology and influence on the ecosystem.

The eastern wolf is smaller than the gray wolf and has a gray-reddish coat with black hairs covering the back and sides of the thorax. The mtDNA analysis confirms that eastern wolf belonged to an ancient form of primitive wolf (with red wolf) originating some 750,000 years ago in the eastern part of North America (Nowak 1979, 1992). This distribution ofhaplotypes shows elements similar to the red wolf and probably is a part of this species. Red wolf populations were extirpated from the wild in the southeastern United States, were reintroduced to the wild in recent decades and are now critically endangered.

@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i7cRr_hrh8s



Most coyotes in Eastern Ontario are wolf-coyote hybrids; wolves in Algonquin Park are, in general, not inter-breeding with coyotes; and the buffer zone around Algonquin Park is a great success with mortality rates down and populations remaining stable.

Proponents of distinct species designation believe that the Eastern Canadian wolf is just the remnant northern range of a once continuous range of a native canid – the eastern wolf. The pre-Columbian range was thought to include U.S. states east of the Mississippi and south of the Canadian Shield-St. Lawrence corridor.

Unlike the gray wolf, the eastern wolf in Algonquin Park has never been recorded with an all-black or all-white coat wolf research in Al. P. cited. Eastern wolf mainly exist in Algonquin Park in Canada-USA border. Type Algonquin is a largely pure genetic population of Eastern wolf while type-Ontario is hybrid with gray wolf.

__ Physical attributes __

The eastern wolf is smaller than the gray wolf. It has a pale grayish-brown pelt. The back and the sides are covered with long, black hairs. Behind the ears, there is a slight reddish color. These differences in attributes are thought to be a result of their red wolf ancestry. The eastern wolf is also skinnier than the gray wolf and has a more coyote-like appearance. This is because wolves and coyotes often mate and breed wolf/coyote hybrid pups in the park. The Canadian Parks and Wilderness Society states: "Hybridization with coyotes has historically been a precursor to the decline of Eastern wolf populations. The Committee on the Status of Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) has identified hybridization with coyotes as one of the major threats facing the Eastern wolf, and hybridization continues to pose a serious challenge to red wolf recovery efforts in North Carolina." Because the two animals looks so much alike, a ban on the hunting of Algonquin wolves and coyotes has been in place to make sure no accidental deaths occur.

[[image:wolf 3.jpg width="392" height="252"]]
@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PAmVQ5K6Bpw

great white shark
 * Animal || great white shark ||
 * Country || all oceans ||
 * Habitat || sea ||
 * Food || small fishes ||
 * Dangers || the hunters ||
 * Any special characteristics ||  ||
 * Other ||  ||

= Food =

Great white Sharks are carnivores creatures that hunt during the day. These large fish primarily feed on dolphins, porpoises, seals, sea lions, whales carcasses, sea turtles, and other fish like tuna, rays and smaller sharks. They have about 3,000 triangular teeth. They prefer prey that are a good source of energy. They usually bite their prospective prey to assess their fat content. If the animal does not have enough fats that would be a rich source of energy, the shark does not eat it. In this regard, human beings do not qualify as a favorite prey for these massive hunters. One hypothesis that tries to explain the high number of attacks by these sharks on human beings is that of mistaken identity. It is believed that these predators prefer seal shaped preys to animals of any other shapes. Surfers and divers who have silhouettes similar to seals while swimming are often mistaken by the Great Sharks as their favorite prey, and hence are attacked. Great whites are very curious. First, they spy and examine the isolated and vulnerable objects that come across their ways. Once, they're sure that the object is edible, they make their approach. The first bite is so ferocious and lethal that the pinniped (aquatic carnivorous mammal with limbs modified as flippers, for example, a seal) bleeds to death. The shark then comes back and enjoys the feast. It eats up about 20 to 30 pounds of flesh with one chomp. Being warm-blooded fish, Great Whites need to eat more. Sometimes, they reject the prey after biting.

**@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uRChY7uzvSg**
=// Shark attacks //=

== More than any documented attack, Peter Benchley's best selling novel Jaws and the subsequent 1975 film adaptation directed by Steven Spielberg provided the great white shark with the image of being a "man eater" in the public mind. While great white sharks have killed humans, they typically do not target them: for example, in the Mediterranean Sea there have been 31 confirmed attacks against humans in the last two centuries, most of which were non-fatal. Many of the incidents seemed to be "test-bites". Great white sharks also test-bite buoys, flotsam, and other unfamiliar objects, and they might grab a human or a surfboard to identify what it is. ==

// Great white sharks in captivity //
== Prior to August 1981, no great white shark in captivity lived longer than 11 days. In August 1981, a white shark survived for 16 days at SeaWorld San Diego before being released. The idea of containing a live great white at SeaWorld Orlando was used in the 1983 film Jaws 3-D. == == In 1984, shortly before its opening day, the Monterey Bay Aquarium in Monterey, California, housed its first great white shark which had died after 10 days. In July 2003, Monterey researchers captured a small female and kept it in a large netted pen near Malibu for five days. They had the rare success of getting the shark to feed in captivity before its release. Not until September 2004, was the aquarium able to place a great white on long-term exhibit. A young female, which was caught off the coast of Ventura, was kept in the aquarium's massive 3,800,000-litre (1,000,000 US gal) Outer Bay exhibit for 198 days before she was released in March 2005. She was tracked for 30 days after release. On the evening of August 31, 2006, the aquarium introduced a juvenile male caught outside Santa Monica Bay His first meal as a captive was a large salmon steak on September 8, 2006, and as of that date, he was estimated to be 1.72 metres (68 in) in length and to weigh approximately 47 kilograms (100 lb). He was released on January 16, 2007, after 137 days in captivity. ==

**@http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EUquXVwsZTg**



 * Animal || rhinoceros ||
 * Country || Africa and southern Asia ||
 * Habitat || steppe and savana ||
 * Food || grassand brunches ||
 * Dangers || hanters ||
 * Any special characteristics || their horns ||
 * Other ||  ||



**Rhinoceros** often abbreviated as **rhino**, is a group of five species of odd-toed ungulates in the family **Rhinocerotidae**. Two of these species are native to Africa and three to Southern Asia. Members of the rhinoceros family are characterized by their large size (they are some of the largest remaining megafauna, with all of the species able to reach one tonne or more in weight); as well as by a herbivorous diet; a thick protective skin, 1.5–5 cm thick, formed from layers of collagen positioned in a lattice structure; relatively small brains for mammals this size (400–600 g); and a large horn. They generally eat leafy material, although their ability to ferment food in their hindgut allows them to subsist on more fibrous plant matter, if necessary. Unlike other perissodactyls, the two African species of rhinoceros lack teeth at the front of their mouths, relying instead on their powerful premolar and molar teeth to grind up plant food Rhinoceros are killed by humans for their horns, which are bought and sold on the black market, and which are used by some cultures for ornamental or traditional medicinal purposes. The horns are made of keratin, the same type of protein that makes up hair and fingernails. Both African species and the Sumatran rhinoceros have two horns, while the Indian and Javan rhinoceros have a single horn. The IUCN Red List identifies three of the species as critically endangered.

The word //rhinoceros// is derived through Latin from the Greek : rhinos, which is composed of //rhinos// " and meet The plural in English is //rhinoceros// or //rhinoceroses//. The collective noun for a group of rhinoceroses is //crash// or //herd//. The five living species fall into three categories. The two African species, the white rhinoceros and the black rhinoceros, belong to the Dicerotini group, which originated in the middle Miocene , about 14.2 million years ago. The species diverged during the early Pliocene (about 5 million years ago). The main difference between black and white rhinos is the shape of their mouths - white rhinos have broad flat lips for grazing, whereas black rhinos have long pointed lips for eating foliage.  There are two living Rhinocerotini species, the Indian rhinoceros and the Javan rhinoceros , which diverged from one another about 10 million years ago. The Sumatran rhinoceros is the only surviving representative of the most primitive group, the Dicerorhinini, which emerged in the Miocene (about 20 million years ago).The extinct woolly rhinoceros of northern Europe and Asia was also a member of this tribe.

@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R02QrS2aCDM

There are two subspecies of white rhino: the southern white rhinoceros (//Ceratotherium simum simum//) and the northern white rhinoceros (//Ceratotherium simum cottoni//). In 2007, the southern subspecies had a wild population of 17,480 (IUCN2008) - 16,266 of which were in South Africa - making them the most abundant rhino subspecies in the world. However, the northern subspecies was critically endangered, with as few as four individuals in the wild; the possibility of complete extinction in the wild having been noted since June 2008 Six are known to be held in captivity, two of which reside at the San Diego Zoo Safari Park. Four born in a zoo in the Czech Republic were transferred to a wildlife refuge in Kenya in December 2009, in an effort to have the animals reproduce and save the subspecies There is no conclusive explanation of the name white rhinoceros. A popular theory that "white" is a distortion of either the Afrikaans word //wyd// or the Dutch word //wijd// (or its other possible spellings //whyde//, //weit//, etc.,) meaning wide and referring to the rhino's square lips is not supported by linguistic studies The white rhino has an immense body and large head, a short neck and broad chest. This rhino can exceed 3,500 kg (7,700 lb), have a head-and-body length of 3.5–4.6 m (11–15 ft) and a shoulder height of 1.8–2 m (5.9–6.6 ft). The record-sized white rhinoceros was about 4,500 kg (10,000 lb). On its snout it has two horns. The front horn is larger than the other horn and averages 90 cm (35 in) in length and can reach 150 cm (59 in). The white rhinoceros also has a prominent muscular hump that supports its relatively large head. The colour of this animal can range from yellowish brown to slate grey. Most of its body hair is found on the ear fringes and tail bristles, with the rest distributed rather sparsely over the rest of the body. White rhinos have the distinctive flat broad mouth that is used for grazing.

Horns
Rhinoceros horns, unlike those of other horned mammals ( which have a bony core ), only consist of keratin. Rhinoceros horns are used in traditional Asian medicine, and for dagger handles in Yemen and Oman. Esmond Bradley Martin has reported on the trade for dagger handles in Yemen



@https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rbvSC_u4bkU